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Abeytunga, P K (1978) The role of the first line supervisor in construction safety: the potential for training, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Construction and Environmental Health, Aston University.

Albarkoly, K (2017) Exploring the maintenance practices and strategies in the Libyan cement industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University.

Allenby, V R (1986) Cost models for engineering services, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aston University.

Alqubaisi, S (2019) Developing a framework to assess the portfolio governance, risk and compliance of Abu Dhabi Government entities in the UAE, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Bartram, N (1981) Evaluation and development of drainage and pipeline construction processes, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Berny, J (1988) Forecasting and risk analysis applied to management planning and control, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Aston Business School, Aston University.

Byrd, R H (1981) The mathematical modelling of the environmental performance of buildings as an aid in the design process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Callcott, A E (1985) Microcomputers for civil engineering consultancy in developing countries, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

De Garay, A (1982) Evaluation of public housing strategies in Mexico City: an exploratory goal programming approach, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Construction and Environmental Health, Aston University.

Eke, G (2017) Determining the probability distributions of cost and time overrun arising from different contractor selection strategies in construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University.

El Bakry, S M (1981) Measurement of productivity and cost of the direct labour organisation within highways maintenance departments, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Flanagan, R (1980) Tender price and time prediction for construction work, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Construction and Environmental Health, Aston University.

Haghdadi, H (1989) The role of micro computers on the construction site, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aston University.

Izzat, R M (1977) A computerised approach to bidding strategy in civil engineering, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Jesson, J K (1988) Ethnic minority builders: a comparative study of Britain and the United States of America on affirmative action in the building industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Aston Business School, Aston University.

Johnston, J O D (1975) Development of a computerised library system in the construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Jones, A M (1990) Design and construction for traditional house building, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aston University.

Kim, K (2015) Conceptual building information modelling framework for whole-house refurbishment based on LCC and LCA, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University.

• Type: Thesis
• Keywords: building information modelling; case study; grounded theory; housing refurbishment; life cycle assessment; life cycle costing; prototype development; questionnaire survey
• ISBN/ISSN:
• URL: http://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/25323/
• Abstract:
  

  The UK government aims at achieving 80% CO2 emission reduction by 2050, which requires collective efforts across all the UK industry sectors. In particular, the housing sector has a large potential to contribute to achieving the aim because the housing sector alone accounts for 27% of the total UK CO2 emission, and furthermore, 87% of the housing which is responsible for current 27% CO2 emission will still stand in 2050. Therefore, it is essential to improve energy efficiency of existing housing stock built with low energy efficiency standard. In order for this, a whole house needs to be refurbished in a sustainable way by considering the life time financial and environmental impacts of a refurbished house. However, the current refurbishment process seems to be challenging to generate a financially and environmentally affordable refurbishment solution due to the highly fragmented nature of refurbishment practice and a lack of knowledge and skills about whole‐house refurbishment in the construction industry. In order to generate an affordable refurbishment solution, diverse information regarding costs and environmental impacts of refurbishment measures and materials should be collected and integrated in right sequences throughout the refurbishment project life cycle among key project stakeholders. Consequently, various researchers increasingly study a way of utilizing Building Information Modelling (BIM) to tackle current problems in the construction industry because BIM can support construction professionals to manage construction projects in a collaborative manner by integrating diverse information, and to determine the best refurbishment solution among various alternatives by calculating the life cycle costs and lifetime CO2 performance of a refurbishment solution. Despite the capability of BIM, the BIM adoption rate is low with 25% in the housing sector, and it has been rarely studied about a way of using BIM for housing refurbishment projects. Therefore, this research aims to develop a BIM framework to formulate a financially and environmentally affordable whole‐house refurbishment solution based on the Life Cycle Costing (LCC) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) methods simultaneously. In order to achieve the aim, a BIM feasibility study was conducted as a pilot study to examine whether BIM is suitable for housing refurbishment, and a BIM framework was developed based on the grounded theory because there was no precedent research. After the development of a BIM framework, this framework was examined by a hypothetical case study using BIM input data collected from questionnaire survey regarding homeowners’ preferences for housing refurbishment. Finally, validation of the BIM framework was conducted among academics and professionals by providing the BIM framework and a formulated refurbishment solution based on the LCC and LCA studies through the framework. As a result, BIM was identified as suitable for housing refurbishment as a management tool, and it is timely for developing the BIM framework. The BIM framework with seven project stages was developed to formulate an affordable refurbishment solution. Through the case study, the Building Regulation is identified as the most affordable energy efficiency standard which renders the best LCC and LCA results when it is applied for whole‐house refurbishment solution. In addition, the Fabric Energy Efficiency Standard (FEES) is recommended when customers are willing to adopt high energy standard, and the maximum 60% of CO2 emissions can be reduced through whole‐house fabric refurbishment with the FEES. Furthermore, limitations and challenges to fully utilize BIM framework for housing refurbishment were revealed such as a lack of BIM objects with proper cost and environmental information, limited interoperability between different BIM software and limited information of LCC and LCA datasets in BIM system. Finally, the BIM framework was validated as suitable for housing refurbishment projects, and reviewers commented that the framework can be more practical if a specific BIM library for housing refurbishment with proper LCC and LCA datasets is developed. This research is expected to provide a systematic way of formulating a refurbishment solution using BIM, and to become a basis for further research on BIM for the housing sector to resolve the current limitations and challenges. Future research should enhance the BIM framework by developing more detailed process map and develop BIM objects with proper LCC and LCA Information.

Kotula, M (2013) Development of a risk-oriented strategic sourcing framework for the construction and electronics manufacturing industries, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University.

McLeish, D C A (1978) House building productivity: A study of labour requirements on Scottish house building sites using activity sampling methods, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Nayfeh, M (1989) A combination of cyclone and vert techniques for the management of construction projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Civil Engineering, Aston University.

Panopoulos, G D (2003) Economic aspects of safety in the Greek construction industry, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University.

Parker, M A (2022) Developing a performance index to measure soft skills on construction projects: a Delphi study, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Peckitt, S J (2001) Construction industry safety culture: a comparative study of Britain and the Caribbean, Unpublished PhD Thesis, School of Engineering and Applied Science, Aston University.

Prabhu, S P (1980) Effective tendering for large scale overseas turnkey projects, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Construction and Environmental Health, Aston University.

Sidwell, A C (1982) A critical study of project team organisational forms within the building process, Unpublished PhD Thesis, Department of Construction and Environmental Health, Aston University.

Skinner, D W H (1979) An analysis of the utility of bills of quantities in the process of building contracting, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University.

Thannon, A Y (1989) The appraisal and management of multistorey dwelling blocks using large concrete panel systems, Unpublished PhD Thesis, , Aston University (United Kingdom).